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Faster, Cheaper, and Safer

By Adrian Cockcroft, Dr. Tapabrata "Topo" Pal, Randy Shoup, Cat Swetel, Mik Kersten, Buck Butler

Finding the Balance

This paper looks at the long-standing trade-offs between speed, cost, and security in software development and operations. Written by a team of seasoned technology executives, this paper introduces a practical framework for understanding and navigating these competing priorities. Drawing parallels to database theory’s CAP Theorem, the authors demonstrate that organizations can typically optimize for at most two of these three dimensions simultaneously, making explicit trade-off decisions essential for strategic success.

The paper moves beyond theoretical concepts to provide actionable guidance through real-world case studies spanning automotive manufacturing, aviation, financial services, and cloud migration. These examples illustrate how different industries and company phases require different priority orderings—from startups prioritizing speed over cost to mature enterprises balancing safety with efficiency. The authors introduce innovative measurement approaches, including “Doomsday Clocks” for predicting system failures and unifying metrics that connect the three dimensions, enabling leaders to make data-driven decisions about where to position their organizations on the faster-cheaper-safer triangle.

  • Format PDF
  • Pages 27
  • Publication Date September 16, 2025

Features

  • Strategic Clarity

    Provides a systematic framework for making explicit trade-offs between competing technology priorities.

  • Practical Metrics

    Introduces concrete measurement approaches including Flow Framework metrics and Doomsday Clocks.

  • Industry-Tested

    Delivers real-world case studies showing how different contexts require different trade-off strategies.

  • Decision Patterns

    Offers proven decision-making patterns that enable faster, more effective trade-off decisions.

About the Resource

This paper looks at the long-standing trade-offs between speed, cost, and security in software development and operations. Written by a team of seasoned technology executives, this paper introduces a practical framework for understanding and navigating these competing priorities. Drawing parallels to database theory’s CAP Theorem, the authors demonstrate that organizations can typically optimize for at most two of these three dimensions simultaneously, making explicit trade-off decisions essential for strategic success.

The paper moves beyond theoretical concepts to provide actionable guidance through real-world case studies spanning automotive manufacturing, aviation, financial services, and cloud migration. These examples illustrate how different industries and company phases require different priority orderings—from startups prioritizing speed over cost to mature enterprises balancing safety with efficiency. The authors introduce innovative measurement approaches, including “Doomsday Clocks” for predicting system failures and unifying metrics that connect the three dimensions, enabling leaders to make data-driven decisions about where to position their organizations on the faster-cheaper-safer triangle.

Adrian Cockcroft
Dr. Tapabrata "Topo" Pal
Randy Shoup
Cat Swetel
Mik Kersten
Buck Butler
Adrian Cockcroft

Adrian Cockcroft

Adrian Cockcroft is the retired leader of the technology world. He joined Amazon in October 2016 as a VP in AWS Marketing focused on building relationships with customers. He keynoted 20 AWS Summits around the world, presented on technical and management topics at many events, and hired the open source community engagement team. Moving to Amazon Worldwide Sustainability in March 2021, he led sustainability marketing for AWS, invested in the Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative, helped coordinate the rapid growth in sustainability related headcount across AWS, and helped author, launch and promote the Well Architected Pillar for Sustainability. Currently Cockcroft is advising, speaking at conferences and private events, and doing occasional consulting and analyst work.

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Dr. Tapabrata

Dr. Tapabrata "Topo" Pal

Dr. Tapabrata "Topo" Pal is a thought leader, keynote speaker, evangelist in the areas of DevSecOps, Continuous Delivery, Cloud Computing, Open Source Adoption and Digital Transformation. He is a hands-on developer and Open Source contributor. Topo has been leading and contributing to industry initiatives around automated governance in DevOps practices. Topo resides Richmond, Virginia with his wife and two children.

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Randy Shoup

Randy Shoup

Randy Shoup is a twenty-five-year veteran of Silicon Valley, and has worked as a senior technology leader and executive at companies ranging from small startups, to mid-sized places, to eBay and Google. Randy is currently VP Engineering at WeWork in San Francisco. He is particularly passionate about the nexus of culture, technology, and organization.

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Cat Swetel

Cat Swetel

Cat Swetel is a technology leader deeply interested in exploring how the digital transformation of society could create the conditions for more generative institutions. In addition to her role as Director of Engineering at Nubank, Cat is pursuing a master’s degree in Science and Technology Policy. In her (close to nonexistent) leisure time, Cat enjoys cooking, hiking, making jokes about Bitcoin, and reading feminist literature.

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Mik Kersten

Mik Kersten

Dr. Mik Kersten started his career as a Research Scientist at Xerox PARC where he created the first aspect-oriented development environment. He then pioneered the integration of development tools with Agile and DevOps as part of his Computer Science PhD at the University of British Columbia. Founding Tasktop out of that research, Mik has written over one million lines of open-source code that is still in use today, and he has brought seven successful open-source and commercial products to market.Mik’s experiences working with some of the largest digital transformations in the world has led him to identify the critical disconnect between business leaders and technologists. Since that time, Mik has been working on creating new tools and a new framework for connecting software value stream networks and enabling the shift from project to product.Mik lives with his family in Vancouver, Canada, and travels globally, sharing his vision for transforming how software is built.

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Buck Butler

Buck Butler

Buck Butler is a Senior Technology Manager at Southwest Airlines with over nine years of experience in aviation technology and ground operations. He has progressed through various roles at Southwest, from Business Analyst to his current position leading Application Delivery for Ground Operations, where he specializes in operational readiness for major technology implementations and SAFe methodology. He holds an MBA from Texas Tech University and a Bachelor's degree in Finance and Management from Creighton University, bringing a unique blend of business acumen and technical leadership to the airline industry.

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